Electrical diagramm of a cable which are R1 resistance, L1 Inductivity, C1 capacitance, G 1 isolation loss.
Dielectric
constance (DK): Foamed polyethylene (PE) presents one of the best DK values, which has the best control over the electromagnetic disturbance
Resistance: this is related to the diameter of the cable, as a rule, you can take that one mm of diameter will be able to carry appr. up to 10 A
Inductance: The outer inductance is reliant on the cable geometry and the magnetic structure of the material used, it is not reliant on frequency and current flow. The inner inductance is largely dependent on the current flow and magnetic fields. Inductance becoming less important with higher frequencies.
Capacitance: If the conductor geometry and the dielectric values are carefully chosen, the cable will exhibit good capacitance characteristics. Capacitance and inductance will have an influence on the frequency response of a cable.
Isolation-loss: The size of the loss factor (TAN) depends again on the dielectric material and surface of the conductor and is also frequency dependent. In general it is good to keep the TAN value as low as possible.
Wave impedance: As we have no standard in our industry (HI FI), our interconnect cables work with 93 ohms. Antennas work with a fixed norm of 75 ohms. The source and receiving units are working with AC signals of a certain impedance. If the impedance of the cable matches the impedance of both units connected, we will see the maximum signal transfer. Bear in mind, that this Wave impedance can, up to 100 MHz, be largely neglected
Reflection factor: Incompatibilities arising in the conductor and isolation "dielectric" of a cable (normally found in cheaper interconnects and speaker cables) can result in reflections at higher frequencies, resulting in a loss of signal strength as well as creating distortions in the signal, it is therefore most important to have an excellent cable surface, together with highly skilled application of the dielectric, in order to achieve tight control of performance in this area
Skin effect: The higher the frequency of the signal being used, the more this signal is pushed to the surface of the cable. The factor penetration being measurable. With copper this penetration factor is 0.00667 mm at 1 MHz. presenting a signal strength of 37% of that found on the surface. This penetration is a factor of 10 less at 100 MHz or 0.00667 mm, hence with a frequency of 10 kHz this factor would be 0.667 mm. It is therefore also important, that the surface of the cables are of extremely good quality.
That is why we are using the PCOCC (Ohno Continuous casting) copper in the MDM 1402 interconnect and ACE speaker cables

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